Saraswati Devi is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati.

She is the goddess of speech. Saraswati first appears in the Rigveda and, in later religious texts, she is identified as the inventor of Sanskrit and, appropriately, gives Ganesha the gifts of pen and inks.

She is also a patron of the arts and sciences, and the wife of Brahma, even if the Bengal Vaisnavas considered her first the wife of Vishnu. Sarasvati is also worshipped as the goddess of learning in Jainism and by some Buddhist sects.

Saraswati’s name means ‘elegant’, ‘flowing’, and ‘watery’ and this is indicative of her status as one of the early Aryan boundary rivers.

The Saraswati River (modern name: Sarsuti), just like the Ganges River, flows from the Himalaya and is considered a sacred source of purification, fertility, and good fortune for those who bathe in her waters.

The sacred river, again like the Ganges, then developed into a personified deity.

Saraswati Vandana in Sanskrit (सरस्वती वंदना)

या कुन्देन्दुतुषारहारधवला
या शुभ्रवस्त्रावृता
या वीणावरदण्डमण्डितकरा
या श्वेतपद्मासना।
या ब्रह्माच्युतशंकरप्रभृतिभिर्देवैः सदा वन्दिता
सा मां पातु सरस्वती भगवती निःशेषजाड्यापहा ॥

शुक्लां ब्रह्मविचारसारपरमांद्यां जगद्व्यापनीं।
वीणा-पुस्तक-धारिणीमभयदां जाड्यांधकारपहाम्।।

हस्ते स्फाटिक मालिकां विदधतीं पद्मासने संस्थिताम्।
वन्दे तां परमेश्वरीं भगवतीं बुद्धिप्रदां शारदाम्।।

Meaning In English – Salutations to Devi Saraswati, Who is pure white like Jasmine, with the coolness of Moon, brightness of Snow and shine like the garland of Pearls; and Who is covered with pure white garments.

Whose hands are adorned with Veena (a stringed musical instrument) and the boon-giving staff; and Who is seated on pure white Lotus, Who is always adored by Lord Brahma, Lord Acyuta (Lord Vishnu), Lord Shankara and other Devas, O Goddess Saraswati, please protect me and remove my ignorance completely.

हिन्दी भावार्थ:
जो विद्या की देवी भगवती सरस्वती कुन्द के फूल, चन्द्रमा, हिमराशि और मोती के हार की तरह धवल वर्ण की हैं और जो श्वेत वस्त्र धारण करती हैं, जिनके हाथ में वीणा-दण्ड शोभायमान है, जिन्होंने श्वेत कमलों पर आसन ग्रहण किया है तथा ब्रह्मा, विष्णु एवं शंकर शङ्कर आदि देवताओं द्वारा जो सदा पूजित हैं, वही सम्पूर्ण जड़ता और अज्ञान को दूर कर देने वाली माँ सरस्वती हमारी रक्षा करें।

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